DMG vs. PKG: What Is the Difference in These File Types?
If you’re a macOS user, chances are you’ve come across both PKG and DMG files at some point. Both are common filename extensions that are used for various file formats, but there are some fundamental differences that you should know about.
What Is PKG?
The PKG file format is commonly used by Apple on its mobile and computing devices. It’s supported by both macOS and iOS and includes software packages from Apple. It’s not exclusive to Apple devices, though, as Sony also uses PKG for installing software packages on PlayStation devices.
The contents of the PKG file format can be extracted and installed using the Apple Installer. It’s verysimilar to a zipped file; you can right-click on the file to view the contents, and the files are compressed when packaged.
The PKG file format maintains an index to the data block to read each file inside. The PKG filename extension has been around for quite a while and has been used in Apple Newton operating systems, as well as in Solaris, an operating system that Oracle currently maintains. In addition, legacy operating systems like BeOS also used PKG files.
PKG files contain instructions about where to move certain files when they’re installed. It uses these instructions during extraction, copying data to specific locations on the hard drive.
What Is a DMG File?
Most macOS users will be familiar with theDMG file format, short for Disk Image File. DMG is the Apple Disk Image file extension. It’s a disk image that can be used for distributing software or other files and can even be used for storage (like removable media). When mounted, it replicates removable media, like a USB drive. you’re able to access the DMG file from your desktop.
DMG files usually move files to the Applications folder. You can create DMG files using Disk Utility, which is available withmacOS Venturatoo.
These are generally raw disk images containing metadata. Users can also encrypt DMG files if necessary. Think of them as files containing everything you’d expect on a disk.
Apple uses this format to compress and store software installation packages in lieu of physical disks. If you’ve downloaded software for your Mac from the web, you’ve probably come across DMG files.
Key Differences Between PKG and DMG Files
While they may seem similar and can sometimes perform the same functions, there are some key differences between PKG and DMG files.
Folder vs. Image
From a technical standpoint, PKG files are generally folders; they package several files into one that you can download together. PKG files are installation packages. DMG files, on the other hand, are simple disk images.
When you open a DMG file, it launches the software installer or content stored within, often appearing as a removable drive on your computer. Remember that DMG isn’t an installer; it’s just an image of removable media, like anISO file.
General archive openers on Windows can be used to open PKG files. you may alsoopen DMG files on Windows, though the process is slightly different.
Using Scripts
PKG files can include post or pre-install scripts, which could include instructions about where the files should be installed. It can also copy multiple files into a single location or install files in multiple locations.
DMG files install the software in the core folders. The file appears on the desktop, and the contents are usually installed in Applications.
DMGs can support relative paths for fill existing users (FEUs), making it easier for developers to include user guides, such as conventional ReadMe documents, for every user on the system.
Technically, you can also add such files on PKG, but it requires significant expertise and experience with post-install scripts.
DMG and PKG Files Serve Different Purposes
While both are commonly used, their intended purpose is a bit different. DMG files are much more flexible and suitable for distribution, while PKG files offer greater options for specific install instructions. In addition, they are both compressed, so the original file size is reduced.
While macOS offers a built-in solution to work with ZIP files, third-party apps offer much wider file compatibility, including support for RAR files.
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